CPP-ACP Detailed Information for Dentists

The CPP-ACP peptide nanocomplex isolated from milk protein.

The CPP-ACP (casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate) nanocomplex is found in the casein protein of cows milk. These peptides are responsible for carrying the calcium phosphate in milk and are what give milk its white colour. 

The onset of caries (dental decay) commences when bacteria in plaque produce an organic acid that dissolves tooth enamel by breaking down the calcium and phosphate in the enamel. The CPP-ACP complex delivers calcium and phosphate ions into the tooth, repairing and strengthening areas of enamel previously damaged by the action of plaque bacteria – remineralising the enamel.

A vast amount of literatutre is available on the action of CPP-ACP. We have selected for you the best and most easily accessible articles. Many are free while others are available though common portals such as Ovid or Karger. We hope you will benefit from the links below.

Selected presentations:

Reynolds EC. CPP-ACP - The Evidence (pdf) (1720kb)

Selected journal articles: 

Cai F, Manton DJ, Shen P, Walker GD, Cross KJ, Yuan Y, Reynolds C. Effect of addition of citric acid and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate to a sugar-free chewing gum on enamel remineralization in situ. Caries Research41:377-383 (2007). full text through ovid

Cochrane NJ, Saranathan S, Cai F, Cross KJ, Reynolds EC. Enamel subsurface lesion remineralisation with casein phosphopeptide stablised solutions of calcium, phosphate and fluoride. Caries Research 42:88-97 (2008). 

Free abstract. Full text through caries research

Morgan MV, Adams GG, Bailey DL, Tsao CE, Fischman SL, Reynolds EC. The anticariogenic effect of sugar-free gum containing CPP-ACP nanocomplexes on approximal caries determined using digital bitewing radiography. Caries Research 42:171-184 Free abstract. Full text through ovid 

Reynolds EC. The prevention of sub-surface demineralization of bovine enamel and change in plaque composition by casein in an intra-oral model. J Dent Res 66: 1120-1127 (1987). 
Free abstract. Full text through Journal of Dental Research

Reynolds EC. Remineralization of enamel subsurface lesions by casein phosphopeptide-stabilized calcium phosphate solutions. J Dent Res 76:1587-1595 (1997). 

Free abstract. Full text through Journal of Dental Research

Reynolds EC, Cai F. Shen P, Walker GD. Retention in plaque and remineralization of enamel lesions by various forms of calcium in a mouthrinse or sugar-free chewing gum. J Dent Res 82:206-211 (2003). 

Free abstract. Full text through Journal of Dental Research

Reynolds EC, Walsh L. ‘Additional aids to remineralisation of tooth structure’. In:Preservation and Restoration of Tooth Structure. Ed. Mount G and Hume W, Brisbane: Knowledge Books and Software, pp 109-116 (2005). 
Free abstract. Full text through Journal of Dental Research
Shen P, Cai F, Nowicki A, Vincent J, Reynolds EC. Remineralization of enamel subsurface lesions by sugar-free chewing gum containing casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate. J Dent Res 80: 2066-2070 (2001).Free abstract. Full text through Journal of Dental Research

Cochrane N J, Saranthan, S, Cai F, Cross K J, Reynolds EC. Enamel subsurface lesion remineralisation with casein phosphopeptide stabilized solutions of calcium, phosphate and fluoride. Caries Research, 42:88-97 (2008). 
Free abstract. Full text through caries research

Reynolds E C, Cai F, Cochrane N, Shen P, Walker GD, Morgan MV, Reynolds C. Fluoride and Casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate. Journal of Dental Research,  87(4):344-348, 2008.

Free abstract. Full text through Journal of Dental Research